{"id":196,"date":"2026-03-25T03:02:22","date_gmt":"2026-03-25T03:02:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cnc-mastery.com\/curso\/?p=196"},"modified":"2026-03-28T18:06:13","modified_gmt":"2026-03-28T18:06:13","slug":"leccion_2_fundamentos_de_electricidad","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cnc-mastery.com\/curso\/leccion_2_fundamentos_de_electricidad\/","title":{"rendered":"Lecci\u00f3n 2: Fundamentos de Electricidad"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u26a1 \u201cEntiende lo invisible antes de tocar lo peligroso\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Fundamentos de Electricidad: Aprende desde cero (explicado f\u00e1cil)\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/xieh8i3gfHg?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\ud83d\udccc M\u00f3dulo 1: NATURALEZA DE LA ELECTRICIDAD<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00bfQu\u00e9 es realmente la electricidad?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La electricidad no es magia\u2026<br>es movimiento.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A nivel m\u00e1s b\u00e1sico:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc49 Todo gira alrededor del <strong>electr\u00f3n<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u269b\ufe0f El electr\u00f3n<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Es una part\u00edcula con <strong>carga negativa<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Est\u00e1 en los \u00e1tomos<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Puede moverse entre materiales<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udca1 Cuando los electrones se mueven\u2026<br>\ud83d\udc49 <strong>se genera electricidad<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u26a1 Carga el\u00e9ctrica<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Existen dos tipos:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\ud83d\udd34 Positiva (+)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\ud83d\udd35 Negativa (-)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Regla fundamental:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc49 <strong>Los opuestos se atraen<\/strong><br>\ud83d\udc49 <strong>Los iguales se repelen<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\ud83d\udd0c Corriente el\u00e9ctrica<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Es el <strong>flujo de electrones<\/strong> a trav\u00e9s de un conductor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Imagina esto:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udca1 Como agua fluyendo por una tuber\u00eda<br>\u2192 eso es la corriente<\/p>\n\n\n\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\"\n  src=\"https:\/\/cnc-mastery.com\/curso\/simuladores\/naturaleza_electrica.html\"\n  width=\"100%\"\n  height=\"500\"\n  style=\"border:none; border-radius:20px; overflow:hidden;\">\n<\/iframe>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. Energ\u00eda en cero<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc49 \u201cAqu\u00ed no hay electricidad, solo \u00e1tomos estables\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. Sube energ\u00eda lentamente<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc49 \u201cLos electrones empiezan a inestabilizarse\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. Presiona \u201cGenerar flujo\u201d<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc49 \u201cAhora los electrones se mueven\u2026 eso es electricidad\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\ud83d\udca1 Esto es clave<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Este simulador ense\u00f1a algo que pocos entienden:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc49 La electricidad no es cables<br>\ud83d\udc49 No es voltaje<br>\ud83d\udc49 No es corriente<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc49 <strong>Es movimiento de electrones<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\ud83d\udccc M\u00f3dulo 2: MAGNITUDES FUNDAMENTALES<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Aqu\u00ed empieza lo importante de verdad.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\ud83d\udd39 Voltaje (V) \u2192 \u201cLa presi\u00f3n\u201d<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">El voltaje es la fuerza que empuja a los electrones.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udca1 Analog\u00eda:<br>Como la presi\u00f3n del agua en una tuber\u00eda.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>M\u00e1s voltaje = m\u00e1s empuje<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\ud83d\udd39 Corriente (I) \u2192 \u201cEl flujo\u201d<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Es la cantidad de electrones que est\u00e1n pasando.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udca1 Analog\u00eda:<br>Cu\u00e1nta agua fluye por la tuber\u00eda.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>M\u00e1s corriente = m\u00e1s flujo<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\ud83d\udd39 Resistencia (R) \u2192 \u201cEl obst\u00e1culo\u201d<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Es lo que se opone al paso de la corriente.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udca1 Analog\u00eda:<br>Una tuber\u00eda m\u00e1s delgada \u2192 menos flujo<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\ud83d\udccc M\u00f3dulo 3: LEY DE OHM (LA BASE DE TODO)<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Aqu\u00ed est\u00e1 la regla m\u00e1s importante de la electricidad.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\ud83d\udd0d \u00bfQu\u00e9 significa?<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>V = Voltaje<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>I = Corriente<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>R = Resistencia<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc49 El voltaje depende de la corriente y la resistencia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\ud83d\udca1 Interpretaci\u00f3n pr\u00e1ctica<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Si subes la resistencia \u2192 baja la corriente<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Si subes el voltaje \u2192 sube la corriente<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\ud83c\udfaf Ejemplo real<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Si tienes:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>12V<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>2 ohms<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc49 I = 12 \/ 2 = 6 amperes<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u26a0\ufe0f Esto es clave<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La Ley de Ohm es la base para:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Dise\u00f1ar circuitos<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Evitar fallas<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>No quemar componentes<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" \n  src=\"https:\/\/cnc-mastery.com\/curso\/simuladores\/ley-ohm.html\" \n  width=\"100%\" \n  height=\"675\" \n  style=\"border:none; border-radius:20px;\">\n<\/iframe>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\ud83d\udccc M\u00d3DULO 4: POTENCIA EL\u00c9CTRICA<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Aqu\u00ed entra el tema de <strong>energ\u00eda real<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><semantics><mrow><mi>P<\/mi><mo>=<\/mo><mi>V<\/mi><mo>\u22c5<\/mo><mi>I<\/mi><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">P = V \\cdot I<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\ud83d\udd0d \u00bfQu\u00e9 es la potencia?<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Es la cantidad de energ\u00eda que se consume o se entrega.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Se mide en:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc49 <strong>Watts (W)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\ud83d\udca1 Ejemplo pr\u00e1ctico<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Si tienes una fuente de alimentaci\u00f3n que entrega:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Voltaje = 12V<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Corriente = 2A<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc49 P = V I = 12V x 2A = 24W<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Su potencia de suministro es 24 watts<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\ud83d\udd25 \u00bfPor qu\u00e9 importa?<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Porque la potencia:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Genera calor<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Define consumo el\u00e9ctrico<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Puede da\u00f1ar componentes<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" \n  src=\"https:\/\/cnc-mastery.com\/curso\/simuladores\/simulador-potencia-electrica.html\" \n  width=\"100%\" \n  height=\"750\" \n  style=\"border:none; border-radius:20px; overflow:hidden;\">\n<\/iframe>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\ud83d\udccc M\u00d3DULO 5: TIPOS DE CORRIENTE<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\ud83d\udd39 Corriente Continua (CC \/ DC)<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Flujo en una sola direcci\u00f3n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ejemplo:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Bater\u00edas<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Electr\u00f3nica<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc49 Es la base de:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Arduino<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Controladores CNC<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Electr\u00f3nica en general<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\ud83d\udd39 Corriente Alterna (CA \/ AC)<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Cambia de direcci\u00f3n constantemente<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ejemplo:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Energ\u00eda de la casa<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc49 Es la que alimenta:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Motores grandes<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Equipos industriales<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u26a1 Diferencia clave<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>Tipo<\/th><th>Direcci\u00f3n<\/th><th>Uso<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>CC<\/td><td>Una sola<\/td><td>Electr\u00f3nica<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>CA<\/td><td>Variable<\/td><td>Energ\u00eda dom\u00e9stica<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\"\n  src=\"https:\/\/cnc-mastery.com\/curso\/simuladores\/simulador-dc-vs-ac.html\"\n  width=\"100%\"\n  height=\"960\"\n  style=\"border:none; border-radius:20px; overflow:hidden;\">\n<\/iframe>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\ud83c\udfaf CIERRE DEL CURSO<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ahora entiendes algo que muchos ignoran:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc49 <strong>La electricidad no es solo cables\u2026 es comportamiento f\u00edsico<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Y esto te da ventaja.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u26a1 \u201cEntiende lo invisible antes de tocar lo peligroso\u201d \ud83d\udccc M\u00f3dulo 1: NATURALEZA DE LA ELECTRICIDAD \u00bfQu\u00e9 es realmente la [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-196","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-unidad-1"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cnc-mastery.com\/curso\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/196","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cnc-mastery.com\/curso\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cnc-mastery.com\/curso\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cnc-mastery.com\/curso\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cnc-mastery.com\/curso\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=196"}],"version-history":[{"count":35,"href":"https:\/\/cnc-mastery.com\/curso\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/196\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":373,"href":"https:\/\/cnc-mastery.com\/curso\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/196\/revisions\/373"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cnc-mastery.com\/curso\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=196"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cnc-mastery.com\/curso\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=196"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cnc-mastery.com\/curso\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=196"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}