{"id":595,"date":"2026-04-11T18:59:30","date_gmt":"2026-04-11T18:59:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cnc-mastery.com\/curso\/?p=595"},"modified":"2026-04-30T20:28:08","modified_gmt":"2026-04-30T20:28:08","slug":"leccion-12-capacitores","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cnc-mastery.com\/curso\/leccion-12-capacitores\/","title":{"rendered":"Lecci\u00f3n 12: Capacitores"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Capacitores EXPLICADOS F\u00c1CIL \u26a1 Aprende c\u00f3mo funcionan (Carga, Descarga y Aplicaci\u00f3n REAL en CNC)\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/T7wKayY5-Ns?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">El almacenamiento de energ\u00eda en la electr\u00f3nica CNC se realiza principalmente a trav\u00e9s de los <strong>capacitores (o condensadores)<\/strong>, los cuales act\u00faan como <strong>tanques de almacenamiento temporal de energ\u00eda<\/strong>. A diferencia de las resistencias que se oponen al flujo de corriente el\u00e9ctrico, los capacitores est\u00e1n dise\u00f1ados para absorber y retener esta energ\u00eda en el circuito<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. \u00bfQu\u00e9 es un Capacitor?<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"559\" src=\"https:\/\/cnc-mastery.com\/curso\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/capacitor_explicacion_visual.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-600\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cnc-mastery.com\/curso\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/capacitor_explicacion_visual.png 1024w, https:\/\/cnc-mastery.com\/curso\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/capacitor_explicacion_visual-300x164.png 300w, https:\/\/cnc-mastery.com\/curso\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/capacitor_explicacion_visual-768x419.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Es un componente pasivo dise\u00f1ado para almacenar energ\u00eda el\u00e9ctrica en forma de un <strong>campo el\u00e9ctrico<\/strong>. F\u00edsicamente, consiste en dos placas conductoras separadas por un material aislante llamado <strong>diel\u00e9ctrico<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>S\u00edmbolo:<\/strong> Dos l\u00edneas paralelas (que representan las placas).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Unidad de medida:<\/strong> El <strong>Faradio (F)<\/strong>. Como un Faradio es una unidad enorme, solemos usar microfaradios (_uF), nanofaradios (_nF) o picofaradios (_pF).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. Funcionamiento: Carga y Descarga<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"572\" src=\"https:\/\/cnc-mastery.com\/curso\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/capacitor_explicacion_visual_2.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-603\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cnc-mastery.com\/curso\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/capacitor_explicacion_visual_2.png 1024w, https:\/\/cnc-mastery.com\/curso\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/capacitor_explicacion_visual_2-300x168.png 300w, https:\/\/cnc-mastery.com\/curso\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/capacitor_explicacion_visual_2-768x429.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">El comportamiento de un capacitor es din\u00e1mico:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Un capacitor guarda energ\u00eda el\u00e9ctrica creando un <strong>campo el\u00e9ctrico<\/strong> entre dos placas conductoras que se encuentran separadas por un material aislante conocido como <strong>diel\u00e9ctrico<\/strong>. Su comportamiento es din\u00e1mico y se divide en tres fases principales:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"1\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Fase de Carga:<\/strong> Al conectar el capacitor a una fuente de alimentaci\u00f3n, las cargas se acumulan en sus placas. Absorber\u00e1 energ\u00eda continuamente hasta que su voltaje interno alcance y se iguale al voltaje de la fuente. La rapidez con la que se carga depende de la resistencia y la capacitancia del circuito.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Fase de Almacenamiento:<\/strong> Una vez que est\u00e1 cargado, si lo desconectas de la fuente principal, el capacitor retiene la energ\u00eda, comport\u00e1ndose funcionalmente como una <strong>bater\u00eda temporal<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Fase de Descarga:<\/strong> Cuando se conecta a una carga (como puede ser un circuito integrado o un simple LED), el capacitor libera r\u00e1pidamente toda esa energ\u00eda almacenada.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. Tipos de Capacitores Comunes<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"572\" src=\"https:\/\/cnc-mastery.com\/curso\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/capacitor_explicacion_visual_3.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-605\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cnc-mastery.com\/curso\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/capacitor_explicacion_visual_3.png 1024w, https:\/\/cnc-mastery.com\/curso\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/capacitor_explicacion_visual_3-300x168.png 300w, https:\/\/cnc-mastery.com\/curso\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/capacitor_explicacion_visual_3-768x429.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">En las m\u00e1quinas CNC ver\u00e1s principalmente dos tipos:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Electrol\u00edticos:<\/strong> Son cil\u00edndricos y tienen <strong>polaridad<\/strong> (un pin positivo y uno negativo). Tienen mucha capacidad y se usan para filtrar fuentes de poder.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Cer\u00e1micos:<\/strong> Son peque\u00f1os (parecen lentejas) y <strong>no tienen polaridad<\/strong>. Se usan para filtrar ruido de alta frecuencia en se\u00f1ales de sensores.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. Aplicaci\u00f3n Cr\u00edtica en CNC: El Filtrado<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"572\" src=\"https:\/\/cnc-mastery.com\/curso\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/capacitor_explicacion_visual_4.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-614\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cnc-mastery.com\/curso\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/capacitor_explicacion_visual_4.png 1024w, https:\/\/cnc-mastery.com\/curso\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/capacitor_explicacion_visual_4-300x168.png 300w, https:\/\/cnc-mastery.com\/curso\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/capacitor_explicacion_visual_4-768x429.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Aplicaci\u00f3n del almacenamiento de energ\u00eda en m\u00e1quinas CNC<\/strong> En un equipo industrial como un CNC, almacenar peque\u00f1as cantidades de energ\u00eda de esta forma tiene una aplicaci\u00f3n cr\u00edtica: <strong>el filtrado<\/strong>. Debido a que los grandes motores de la m\u00e1quina generan &#8220;ruido&#8221; y picos de voltaje que pueden afectar el sistema, el capacitor utiliza su energ\u00eda almacenada para estabilizar la situaci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Como amortiguador (Desacoplo):<\/strong> Se coloca cerca de los pines de chips y microcontroladores. Si hay una ca\u00edda de tensi\u00f3n repentina, el capacitor libera su energ\u00eda para mantener el voltaje estable, evitando que el chip se reinicie o se confunda.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Filtro en fuentes de poder:<\/strong> Los capacitores <strong>electrol\u00edticos<\/strong> (que tienen mucha capacidad de almacenamiento) se usan para rellenar las ca\u00eddas de tensi\u00f3n en fuentes de poder, convirtiendo un voltaje &#8220;sucio&#8221; o con rizado en una l\u00ednea de corriente continua pura<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5. Capacitores en Serie y Paralelo<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Al igual que las resistencias, su valor total cambia seg\u00fan c\u00f3mo se conecten, pero <strong>las reglas son opuestas a las de las resistencias<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">En Paralelo (Suma directa)<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Conectar capacitores en paralelo aumenta la capacidad total. Es como unir varios tanques de agua para tener uno m\u00e1s grande.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\">C_total = C_1 + C_2 + C_3<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">En Serie (Suma rec\u00edproca)<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Se usa rara vez, principalmente para aumentar el voltaje que el conjunto puede soportar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\">1\/C_total = 1\/C_1 + 1\/C_2 + 1\/C_3<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6. La Variable de Voltaje<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A diferencia de las resistencias, los capacitores tienen un <strong>voltaje m\u00e1ximo de trabajo<\/strong> impreso en su cuerpo (ej. 2200 _uF \/ 50V).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"335\" src=\"https:\/\/cnc-mastery.com\/curso\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/capacitor_2200uF.webp\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-610\" style=\"width:249px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cnc-mastery.com\/curso\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/capacitor_2200uF.webp 500w, https:\/\/cnc-mastery.com\/curso\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/capacitor_2200uF-300x201.webp 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Advertencia de Seguridad:<\/strong> Nunca excedas el voltaje nominal del capacitor. Si aplicas 35V a un capacitor de 25V, este puede explotar debido a la ruptura del diel\u00e9ctrico, lo cual es peligroso y da\u00f1ar\u00e1 tu placa.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\"\n  src=\"https:\/\/cnc-mastery.com\/curso\/simuladores\/simulador_capacitor_rc.html\"\n  width=\"100%\"\n  height=\"1350\"\n  style=\"border:none; border-radius:20px; overflow:hidden;\">\n<\/iframe>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Resumen:<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&#8220;Un capacitor es a la electr\u00f3nica lo que un amortiguador es a un coche o un tanque de aire a un compresor: suaviza los cambios bruscos y mantiene el sistema estable&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-content-justification-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-buttons-is-layout-3e41869c wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/cnc-mastery.com\/curso\/temas\/capacitores_es.html\">Clase magistral &#8211; Capacitores<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>El almacenamiento de energ\u00eda en la electr\u00f3nica CNC se realiza principalmente a trav\u00e9s de los capacitores (o condensadores), los cuales [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-595","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-unidad-2"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cnc-mastery.com\/curso\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/595","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cnc-mastery.com\/curso\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cnc-mastery.com\/curso\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cnc-mastery.com\/curso\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cnc-mastery.com\/curso\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=595"}],"version-history":[{"count":28,"href":"https:\/\/cnc-mastery.com\/curso\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/595\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":639,"href":"https:\/\/cnc-mastery.com\/curso\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/595\/revisions\/639"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cnc-mastery.com\/curso\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=595"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cnc-mastery.com\/curso\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=595"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cnc-mastery.com\/curso\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=595"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}